目的 明晰牡丹种间远缘杂交不亲和的细胞学及生理机制，为牡丹远缘杂交提供理论及试验基础。 方法 以牡丹‘凤丹’为母本，保康牡丹为父本，进行远缘杂交授粉亲和性研究，探讨授粉后雌蕊保护酶活性、可溶性物质含量及内源激素含量变化与花粉萌发、花粉管生长之间的联系。 结果 保康牡丹与‘凤丹’远缘杂交亲和性差的细胞学原因是花粉萌发慢，花粉管多有胼胝质沉积、扭曲缠绕严重，生长多无序并伴有分枝现象，只部分能穿过花柱到达子房。生理机制研究结果表明：授粉后，SOD活性快速升高有利于花粉柱头识别及花粉管生长；MDA含量快速增加不利于远缘杂交授粉花粉管的伸长生长；远缘杂交雌蕊较自交雌蕊可溶性蛋白及可溶性糖含量高，表现为柱头识别作用及雌蕊排异作用加强；自交雌蕊IAA含量显著高于杂交，高水平IAA、GA₃、IPA有助于花粉萌发及花粉管生长；远缘杂交雌蕊ABA含量显著高于自交雌蕊，高水平ABA、JA对花粉管生长显示抑制作用，诱发胼胝质沉积，花粉管扭曲缠绕生长无序。 结论 ‘凤丹’与保康牡丹远缘杂交存在受精前障碍，其与雌蕊内部酶活性变化、内源激素含量的动态变化及可溶性物质含量密切相关。

Pink Peace’rose was used to study the optimum conditions for transferring the SeNHX1 gene into the callus. The results showed that the optimal medium was MS+2,4-D 5.0 mg·L-1 + TDZ 0.5 mg·L-1. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation was able to take the target gene into callus and the blue spots were found. The optimum conditions for the transient expression of gusA gene are as following: bacterium density of OD was 0.5, infection time was 20 min, culture time was 3 days. Adding 100 μmol·L-1 AS, the frequency of transient expression of GUS gene was the highest, which reached about 85% in present study.

The tissue-cultured seedlings of tree peony ‘Wulong Pengsheng’ were used to study the effects of different plant growth regulators, culture methods, and holdfast on rooting. The morphological structure change during rooting was also observed using the method of paraffin section. The result showed that the best combination of plant growth regulators for rooting was IBA 3.0 mg·L-1 + NAA 0.6 mg·L-1. The treatment under the temperature of 4℃ for ten days was benefit to rooting, and the rate could reach 75.67%. It was identified that the adventitious root primordia of shoot in vitro originated from the vascular cambium cells, especially, the cross areas of cambium and pith ray and they started to differentiate at the 5th day and lasted to the 12th day. If the shoots were cultured in the root inducing medium for 12 days, it would lead to not only descend of rooting rate, but also showing callus of stem base, and leaf senescent. However, if they were transferred into the medium without hormone in time, the root primordial protruded the epidermis and developed normally after 5 days’ culture.

以山东青岛耐冬山茶花粉为试验材料, 采用离体培养基法研究了花粉的萌发特性, 并探讨了不同贮藏温度与贮藏时间对花粉萌发率和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响。结果表明:耐冬山茶花粉萌发的最适宜培养基为:150 g·L-1蔗糖+0.05 g·L-1硼酸+100 mg·L-1 GA3+900 g·L-1 Ca(NO3)2;花粉最佳贮藏温度为-80℃;-80℃贮藏360 d后, 花粉萌发率仍达到原来的58.19%, 3种保护酶活性较高, 花粉抗氧化、衰老能力较强;贮藏过程中, 3种保护酶活性出现最高峰值前后花粉萌发率出现大幅度下降;不同贮藏温度下, 3种保护酶的作用不同, 室温下POD、CAT为敏感性保护酶, 4℃下SOD 为敏感性保护酶, -20℃、-80℃下CAT为敏感性保护酶;3种保护酶活性对花粉萌发率的影响依次为:SOD>POD>CAT。